See pponnja on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "it:impugnare",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nProto-Italic *en-\nLatin in-\nProto-Indo-European *pewǵ-der.\nProto-Indo-European *puǵnos\nProto-Italic *pugnos\nLatin pugnus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin pugnō\nLatin impugnāre\nItalian impugnarebor.\nMaltese pponnja\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"impugnāre\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"in\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"in\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"in\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"in\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁én\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*en\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*en-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"in-\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"fight, oppose\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"fist\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"fist\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"punch\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pewǵ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*puǵnos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*pugnos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pugnus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pugnō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"impugnō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"impugnare\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Maltese\", \"term\" : \"pponnja\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"mt\" }\" data-lang=\"mt\" data-title=\"pponnja\">\nBorrowed from Italian impugnare.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nProto-Italic *en-\nLatin in-\nProto-Indo-European *pewǵ-der.\nProto-Indo-European *puǵnos\nProto-Italic *pugnos\nLatin pugnus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin pugnō\nLatin impugnāre\nItalian impugnarebor.\nMaltese pponnja\nBorrowed from Italian impugnare.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "jipponnja",
"tags": [
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "pponnjat",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pponnjar",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-type",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jipponnja",
"2": "pponnjat",
"vn": "pponnjar"
},
"expansion": "pponnja (imperfect jipponnja, past participle pponnjat, verbal noun pponnjar)",
"name": "mt-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Maltese",
"lang_code": "mt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Maltese entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Maltese entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Maltese entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Maltese entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Maltese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to pummel"
],
"id": "en-pponnja-mt-verb-RaQNBAfJ",
"links": [
[
"pummel",
"pummel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to pummel"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "ponn"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/(ɪ)pˈpɔn.nja/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔnnja"
}
],
"word": "pponnja"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "it:impugnare",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nProto-Italic *en-\nLatin in-\nProto-Indo-European *pewǵ-der.\nProto-Indo-European *puǵnos\nProto-Italic *pugnos\nLatin pugnus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin pugnō\nLatin impugnāre\nItalian impugnarebor.\nMaltese pponnja\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"impugnāre\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"in\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"in\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"in\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"in\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁én\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*en\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*en-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"in-\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"fight, oppose\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"fist\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"fist\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"punch\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pewǵ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*puǵnos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*pugnos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pugnus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pugnō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"impugnō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"impugnare\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Maltese\", \"term\" : \"pponnja\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"mt\" }\" data-lang=\"mt\" data-title=\"pponnja\">\nBorrowed from Italian impugnare.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nProto-Italic *en-\nLatin in-\nProto-Indo-European *pewǵ-der.\nProto-Indo-European *puǵnos\nProto-Italic *pugnos\nLatin pugnus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin pugnō\nLatin impugnāre\nItalian impugnarebor.\nMaltese pponnja\nBorrowed from Italian impugnare.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "jipponnja",
"tags": [
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "pponnjat",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pponnjar",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-type",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jipponnja",
"2": "pponnjat",
"vn": "pponnjar"
},
"expansion": "pponnja (imperfect jipponnja, past participle pponnjat, verbal noun pponnjar)",
"name": "mt-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Maltese",
"lang_code": "mt",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "ponn"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Maltese a-type unadapted loan verbs",
"Maltese entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"Maltese entries with etymology texts",
"Maltese entries with etymology trees",
"Maltese entries with etymon",
"Maltese entries with incorrect language header",
"Maltese lemmas",
"Maltese terms borrowed from Italian",
"Maltese terms derived from Italian",
"Maltese terms derived from Latin",
"Maltese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Maltese terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Maltese terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pewǵ-",
"Maltese terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₁én",
"Maltese transitive verbs",
"Maltese unadapted loan verbs",
"Maltese verbs",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Maltese/ɔnnja",
"Rhymes:Maltese/ɔnnja/3 syllables"
],
"glosses": [
"to pummel"
],
"links": [
[
"pummel",
"pummel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to pummel"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/(ɪ)pˈpɔn.nja/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔnnja"
}
],
"word": "pponnja"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pponnja meaning in All languages combined (7.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.