"pponnja" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*h₁én",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁én#Proto-Indo-European:_in"
    ],
    [
      "*en",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/en#Proto-Italic:_in"
    ],
    [
      "*en-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/en-#Proto-Italic:_in"
    ],
    [
      "in-",
      "in-#Latin:_in"
    ],
    [
      "*pewǵ-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pewǵ-#Proto-Indo-European:_punch"
    ],
    [
      "*puǵnos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/puǵnos"
    ],
    [
      "*pugnos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/pugnos#Proto-Italic:_fist"
    ],
    [
      "pugnus",
      "pugnus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-éh₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
    ],
    [
      "*-eh₂yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₂ti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
    ],
    [
      "*-āō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
    ],
    [
      "-ō",
      "-o#Latin:_denominative"
    ],
    [
      "pugnō",
      "pugno#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "impugnāre",
      "impugno#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "impugnare",
      "impugnare#Italian"
    ],
    [
      "impugnare",
      "impugnare#Italian"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mt",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "it:impugnare",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nProto-Italic *en-\nLatin in-\nProto-Indo-European *pewǵ-der.\nProto-Indo-European *puǵnos\nProto-Italic *pugnos\nLatin pugnus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin pugnō\nLatin impugnāre\nItalian impugnarebor.\nMaltese pponnja\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"impugnāre\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"in\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"in\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"in\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"in\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁én\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*en\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*en-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"in-\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"fight, oppose\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"fist\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"fist\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"punch\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pewǵ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*puǵnos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*pugnos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pugnus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pugnō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"impugnō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"impugnare\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Maltese\", \"term\" : \"pponnja\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"mt\" }\" data-lang=\"mt\" data-title=\"pponnja\">\nBorrowed from Italian impugnare.",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mt",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "it:impugnare",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nProto-Italic *en-\nLatin in-\nProto-Indo-European *pewǵ-der.\nProto-Indo-European *puǵnos\nProto-Italic *pugnos\nLatin pugnus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin pugnō\nLatin impugnāre\nItalian impugnarebor.\nMaltese pponnja\nBorrowed from Italian impugnare.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nProto-Italic *en-\nLatin in-\nProto-Indo-European *pewǵ-der.\nProto-Indo-European *puǵnos\nProto-Italic *pugnos\nLatin pugnus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin pugnō\nLatin impugnāre\nItalian impugnarebor.\nMaltese pponnja\nBorrowed from Italian impugnare.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jipponnja",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjat",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjar",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mt-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-type",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "masculine",
        "perfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajna",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "masculine",
        "perfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajtu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjaw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "perfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajna",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "perfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajtu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjaw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nipponnja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tipponnja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "masculine",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jipponnja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nipponnjaw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tipponnjaw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jipponnjaw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nipponnja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tipponnja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tipponnja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nipponnjaw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tipponnjaw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jipponnjaw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjaw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajtx",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "masculine",
        "perfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajtx",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjax",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajniex",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "masculine",
        "perfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajtux",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjawx",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajtx",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "perfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajtx",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjatx",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajniex",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "perfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajtux",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjawx",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nipponnjax",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tipponnjax",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "masculine",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jipponnjax",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nipponnjawx",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tipponnjawx",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jipponnjawx",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nipponnjax",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tipponnjax",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tipponnjax",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nipponnjawx",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tipponnjawx",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jipponnjawx",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tipponnjax",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tipponnjawx",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "verb",
        "2": "jipponnja",
        "3": "pponnjat",
        "vn": "pponnjar"
      },
      "expansion": "pponnja (imperfect jipponnja, past participle pponnjat, verbal noun pponnjar)",
      "name": "mt-head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loan-a"
      },
      "name": "mt-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Maltese",
  "lang_code": "mt",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Maltese entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Maltese entries with etymology texts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Maltese entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Maltese entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Maltese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to pummel"
      ],
      "id": "en-pponnja-mt-verb-RaQNBAfJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "pummel",
          "pummel"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to pummel"
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "ponn"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/(ɪ)pˈpɔn.nja/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔnnja"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pponnja"
}

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*h₁én",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁én#Proto-Indo-European:_in"
    ],
    [
      "*en",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/en#Proto-Italic:_in"
    ],
    [
      "*en-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/en-#Proto-Italic:_in"
    ],
    [
      "in-",
      "in-#Latin:_in"
    ],
    [
      "*pewǵ-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pewǵ-#Proto-Indo-European:_punch"
    ],
    [
      "*puǵnos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/puǵnos"
    ],
    [
      "*pugnos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/pugnos#Proto-Italic:_fist"
    ],
    [
      "pugnus",
      "pugnus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-éh₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
    ],
    [
      "*-eh₂yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₂ti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
    ],
    [
      "*-āō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
    ],
    [
      "-ō",
      "-o#Latin:_denominative"
    ],
    [
      "pugnō",
      "pugno#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "impugnāre",
      "impugno#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "impugnare",
      "impugnare#Italian"
    ],
    [
      "impugnare",
      "impugnare#Italian"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mt",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "it:impugnare",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nProto-Italic *en-\nLatin in-\nProto-Indo-European *pewǵ-der.\nProto-Indo-European *puǵnos\nProto-Italic *pugnos\nLatin pugnus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin pugnō\nLatin impugnāre\nItalian impugnarebor.\nMaltese pponnja\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"impugnāre\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"in\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"in\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"in\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"in\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁én\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*en\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*en-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"in-\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"fight, oppose\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"fist\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"fist\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"punch\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pewǵ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*puǵnos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*pugnos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pugnus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pugnō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"impugnō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"impugnare\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Maltese\", \"term\" : \"pponnja\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"mt\" }\" data-lang=\"mt\" data-title=\"pponnja\">\nBorrowed from Italian impugnare.",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mt",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "it:impugnare",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nProto-Italic *en-\nLatin in-\nProto-Indo-European *pewǵ-der.\nProto-Indo-European *puǵnos\nProto-Italic *pugnos\nLatin pugnus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin pugnō\nLatin impugnāre\nItalian impugnarebor.\nMaltese pponnja\nBorrowed from Italian impugnare.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nProto-Italic *en-\nLatin in-\nProto-Indo-European *pewǵ-der.\nProto-Indo-European *puǵnos\nProto-Italic *pugnos\nLatin pugnus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin pugnō\nLatin impugnāre\nItalian impugnarebor.\nMaltese pponnja\nBorrowed from Italian impugnare.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jipponnja",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjat",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjar",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mt-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-type",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "masculine",
        "perfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajna",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "masculine",
        "perfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajtu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjaw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "perfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajna",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "perfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajtu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjaw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nipponnja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tipponnja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "masculine",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jipponnja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nipponnjaw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tipponnjaw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jipponnjaw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nipponnja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tipponnja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tipponnja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nipponnjaw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tipponnjaw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jipponnjaw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjaw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajtx",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "masculine",
        "perfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajtx",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjax",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajniex",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "masculine",
        "perfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajtux",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjawx",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajtx",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "perfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajtx",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjatx",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajniex",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "perfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjajtux",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pponnjawx",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nipponnjax",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tipponnjax",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "masculine",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jipponnjax",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nipponnjawx",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tipponnjawx",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jipponnjawx",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nipponnjax",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tipponnjax",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tipponnjax",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nipponnjawx",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tipponnjawx",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jipponnjawx",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tipponnjax",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tipponnjawx",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "verb",
        "2": "jipponnja",
        "3": "pponnjat",
        "vn": "pponnjar"
      },
      "expansion": "pponnja (imperfect jipponnja, past participle pponnjat, verbal noun pponnjar)",
      "name": "mt-head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loan-a"
      },
      "name": "mt-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Maltese",
  "lang_code": "mt",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "ponn"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Maltese a-type unadapted loan verbs",
        "Maltese entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
        "Maltese entries with etymology texts",
        "Maltese entries with etymology trees",
        "Maltese entries with etymon",
        "Maltese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Maltese lemmas",
        "Maltese terms borrowed from Italian",
        "Maltese terms derived from Italian",
        "Maltese terms derived from Latin",
        "Maltese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Maltese terms derived from Proto-Italic",
        "Maltese terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pewǵ-",
        "Maltese terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₁én",
        "Maltese transitive verbs",
        "Maltese unadapted loan verbs",
        "Maltese verbs",
        "Pages using etymon with no ID",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Pages with etymology trees",
        "Pages with etymon",
        "Rhymes:Maltese/ɔnnja",
        "Rhymes:Maltese/ɔnnja/3 syllables"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to pummel"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pummel",
          "pummel"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to pummel"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/(ɪ)pˈpɔn.nja/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔnnja"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pponnja"
}